Introduction to SQL: From Beginner to Advanced
Structured Query Language, better known as SQL, is the standard language used to manage and manipulate relational databases. Whether you’re analyzing business data, developing web applications, or diving into data science, mastering SQL is a critical skill in today’s data-driven world.
This guide takes you on a complete journey—from learning basic SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, and UPDATE, to understanding advanced concepts such as joins, subqueries, indexing, stored procedures, and performance optimization.
🔍 Why Learn SQL?
Universal relevance: SQL is used across virtually every industry.
High demand: It’s a must-have skill for roles like data analyst, backend developer, database administrator, and more.
Strong foundation: SQL knowledge enhances your ability to work with tools like MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and even big data platforms.
👨💻 Who Is This Guide For?
Beginners with no prior experience in databases or coding.
Intermediate learners looking to deepen their knowledge of SQL best practices.
Advanced users aiming to improve query performance and database design.
By the end of this journey, you’ll not only understand how SQL works, but also how to use it effectively to solve real-world data problems. Whether you’re preparing for job interviews or optimizing large-scale databases, this guide will equip you with the hands-on skills and theoretical knowledge to succeed.
What Will You Learn?
- 🎯 What You Will Learn
- Understanding Views
- What a MySQL view is and how it works as a virtual table.
- The difference between views and tables in terms of data storage and behavior.
- Creating and Managing Views
- How to use the CREATE VIEW command.
- How to modify views using ALTER VIEW.
- How to delete views using DROP VIEW.
- Advantages of Using Views
- Simplifying complex queries.
- Improving data security by exposing only selected data.
- Providing a layer of abstraction for better maintenance and readability.
- Limitations of Views
- When views are not updatable, such as when using GROUP BY, JOIN, or aggregate functions.
- How views behave with underlying data changes.
- View Use Cases
- Using views for reporting, access control, and reusable queries.
- How to hide sensitive columns and limit user access.
- Editing & Best Practices
- Best practices for editing and maintaining views.
- When to use ALTER VIEW vs recreating a view.
Course Content
Introduction
This guide offers a complete journey through SQL, from beginner to advanced levels. It covers foundational topics like basic commands and data retrieval, progressing to advanced concepts such as joins, indexing, and query optimization. Whether you're new to databases or looking to enhance your SQL expertise, this resource is tailored for all skill levels and emphasizes real-world applications, career relevance, and hands-on learning.
what is MySQL
00:00
MySQL Installation & Workbench Tutorial
This tutorial walks you through the step-by-step process of installing MySQL Server and setting up MySQL Workbench, the official graphical interface for MySQL. You’ll learn how to configure the MySQL environment, create your first database connection, and navigate the Workbench interface. Designed for beginners, this guide ensures you’re fully equipped to start writing and executing SQL queries in a structured and user-friendly environment.
MySQL Installation & Workbench Tutorial
00:00
MySQL Table Tutorial
This tutorial explains how to create, modify, and manage tables in MySQL, the foundation of organizing data in relational databases. You’ll learn how to define columns, set data types, apply primary keys, and use constraints like NOT NULL and UNIQUE. The guide also covers essential commands such as CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, and DROP TABLE, giving you the skills to structure and maintain your database tables efficiently.
Class 1:MySQL Create Table Tutorial
00:00Class 2: MySQL Insert Tutorial
00:00class 3:MySQL INSERT Multiple Rows Tutorial
00:00
MySQL Constraints Tutorial
This tutorial introduces MySQL constraints, which are rules used to ensure the accuracy and integrity of data in tables. You’ll learn about key constraint types, including PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE, NOT NULL, CHECK, and DEFAULT. Each constraint is explained with practical examples, helping you understand how to enforce relationships between tables, prevent invalid data entries, and maintain a clean, reliable database structure.
Class 1:MySQL Constraints Tutorial
00:00Class 2:MySQL SELECT With WHERE Clause Tutorial
00:00
MySQL Operators
This tutorial covers the essential MySQL operators used to perform operations on data within queries. You’ll explore arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /), comparison operators (=, !=, >, =, <=), logical operators (AND, OR, NOT), and special operators like BETWEEN, IN, LIKE, and IS NULL. With clear examples and use cases, this guide helps you write more powerful and precise SQL queries.
Class 1:MySQL AND, OR, NOT Operators
00:00Class 2:MySQL In Operators
00:00Class 3
Class 4:MySQL BETWEEN & NOT BETWEEN Operator Tutorial
00:00Class 5:MySQL LIKE Operator & Wildcards
00:00
MySQL Regular Expression
This tutorial introduces MySQL Regular Expressions (REGEXP), a powerful feature used to search, match, and filter text patterns within queries. You’ll learn how to use the REGEXP and RLIKE operators, understand common regex symbols like ^, $, [ ], |, . and *, and apply them in practical examples to perform flexible and dynamic text searches. Ideal for data filtering and validation, this guide helps you master pattern matching in MySQL.
Class 1:MySQL Regular Expression
00:00
MySQL ORDER BY & DISTINCT AND IS NULL
This tutorial explains how to use three important MySQL clauses—ORDER BY, DISTINCT, and IS NULL—to refine your data queries. The ORDER BY clause lets you sort query results in ascending or descending order based on one or more columns. The DISTINCT keyword helps eliminate duplicate records, ensuring cleaner results. Meanwhile, IS NULL is used to filter records with missing or undefined values. Together, these tools enhance your ability to retrieve and analyze data more accurately and efficiently.
Class 1:MySQL ORDER BY & DISTINCT
00:00Class 2:MySQL IS NULL & IS NOT NULL
00:00
LIMIT & OFFSET Tutorial
This tutorial covers the use of LIMIT and OFFSET in MySQL to control the number of records returned in a query. The LIMIT clause restricts the output to a specific number of rows, making it useful for pagination and performance optimization. OFFSET is used in conjunction with LIMIT to skip a set number of rows before starting to return results. Together, these clauses are essential for building efficient, user-friendly data displays in applications.
LIMIT & OFFSET Tutorial
00:00
MySQL Count Sum Min Max Avg Tutorial
This tutorial introduces MySQL’s aggregate functions—COUNT, SUM, MIN, MAX, and AVG—which are used to perform calculations on groups of rows. You'll learn how COUNT returns the number of records, SUM adds up numeric values, MIN and MAX identify the smallest and largest values, and AVG calculates the average. These functions are essential for generating summarized reports and analytics from your data.
MySQL Count Sum Min Max Avg Tutorial
00:00
MySQL UPDATE
This tutorial covers the UPDATE statement in MySQL, which is used to modify existing records in a database table. You’ll learn how to update one or multiple columns with new values using the SET clause, and filter the rows to be updated using the WHERE condition. Properly using UPDATE ensures that only the intended records are changed, preventing accidental data loss or corruption.
MySQL UPDATE
00:00
MySQL COMMIT & ROLLBACK
This tutorial explains how to use COMMIT and ROLLBACK in MySQL to manage transactions and ensure data integrity. The COMMIT statement saves all changes made during a transaction, making them permanent. Conversely, ROLLBACK allows you to undo any changes made in a transaction if an error occurs or if you want to discard the changes. Together, these commands provide control over multiple queries, ensuring that data remains consistent and accurate in case of issues.
MySQL COMMIT & ROLLBACK
00:00MySQL COMMIT & ROLLBACK PART II
00:00
MySQL DELETE
This tutorial covers the DELETE statement in MySQL, which is used to remove one or more records from a database table. You’ll learn how to delete specific rows using the WHERE clause to avoid accidental removal of all data, and how to delete all rows in a table using TRUNCATE as an alternative. Proper use of the DELETE statement ensures that data is accurately removed without affecting the integrity of other records.
MySQL DELETE
00:00
MySQL PRIMARY KEY & FOREIGN KEY AND JOINS
This tutorial explains three essential concepts in relational database design—PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, and JOINS.PRIMARY KEY: You’ll learn how to define a column (or a set of columns) as the unique identifier for each record in a table. A primary key ensures that each row is uniquely identifiable.FOREIGN KEY: This key establishes a relationship between two tables by linking a column in one table to the primary key of another. It enforces referential integrity, ensuring that records in one table correspond to valid records in another.JOINS: The tutorial covers how to retrieve data from multiple related tables using various types of joins—INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL OUTER JOIN—allowing you to combine data in flexible and powerful ways.These concepts are fundamental for creating well-structured relational databases that maintain data consistency and enable complex queries across multiple tables.
MySQL PRIMARY KEY & FOREIGN KEY
00:00MySQL INNER JOIN Tutorial
00:00MySQL LEFT JOIN
00:00MySQL RIGHT JOIN
00:00MySQL CROSS JOIN
00:00MySQL JOIN Multiple Tables
00:00
MySQL GROUP BY & HAVING Clause Tutorial
This tutorial covers the use of the GROUP BY and HAVING clauses in MySQL, which are essential for performing aggregation on data.GROUP BY: You’ll learn how to group rows that have the same values in specified columns and apply aggregate functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, and MAX to each group. This is useful for generating summarized reports, like total sales per region or average scores per student.HAVING: While WHERE filters rows before aggregation, HAVING is used to filter groups after aggregation. This allows you to apply conditions to the aggregated results, such as finding groups with a sum greater than a specific value or an average above a threshold.Together, these clauses allow you to refine your queries and create detailed summaries of your data.
MySQL GROUP BY & HAVING Clause Tutorial
00:00MySQL SubQuery with EXISTS & NOT EXISTS
00:00
MySQL UNION & UNION ALL
This tutorial explains the UNION and UNION ALL operators in MySQL, which are used to combine the results of two or more SELECT queries.UNION: The UNION operator combines the result sets of two or more queries and eliminates duplicate rows by default, returning only distinct records.UNION ALL: In contrast, UNION ALL combines the results of multiple queries but includes all rows, even if they are duplicates.Both operators are useful for consolidating data from different tables or queries into a single result set, but the choice between them depends on whether you want to allow duplicates in your final output.
MySQL UNION & UNION ALL
00:00
MySQL IF AND CASE Statement
This tutorial explains how to use the IF and CASE statements in MySQL to introduce conditional logic within your queries.IF Statement: This function allows you to evaluate a condition and return one result if the condition is true, and another result if it is false. It is commonly used for simple conditional checks in queries.CASE Statement: This statement provides more flexibility than IF, allowing you to evaluate multiple conditions and return different results based on the outcome. It’s often used when there are multiple conditions to check, offering more complex decision-making directly within your query.Both statements enable more dynamic and customized query results based on specific conditions, which is useful for creating reports, transforming data, and making complex decisions directly in SQL.
MySQL IF Statement
00:00MySQL CASE Statement
00:00
MySQL Arithmetic Functions
This tutorial covers the basic arithmetic functions in MySQL, which allow you to perform mathematical operations directly within your SQL queries. These functions are useful for calculations, financial reports, and data analysis.The primary arithmetic functions include:Addition (+): Used to add two or more values.Subtraction (-): Used to subtract one value from another.Multiplication (*): Used to multiply values together.Division (/): Used to divide one value by another.Modulus (%): Used to calculate the remainder when dividing one number by another.These functions enable you to manipulate numerical data in your database and generate results on-the-fly without needing to pre-calculate or process the data externally.
MySQL Arithmetic Functions Intro
00:00MySQL Arithmetic Functions
00:00
MySQL String Functions
This tutorial covers the essential string functions in MySQL, which allow you to manipulate and transform text data directly in your SQL queries. These functions are critical for tasks like text formatting, search, and data cleaning.Some common string functions include:CONCAT: Combines multiple strings into a single string.LENGTH: Returns the length of a string in characters.UPPER and LOWER: Converts text to uppercase or lowercase.SUBSTRING: Extracts a portion of a string based on position and length.REPLACE: Replaces occurrences of a substring with another string.TRIM: Removes leading and trailing spaces from a string.These functions allow you to refine, search, format, and manipulate string data, helping you present the data in a user-friendly way or perform complex text-based operations.
MySQL String Functions part 1
00:00MySQL String Functions part 2
00:00MySQL String Functions part 3
00:00
MySQL Date Functions
This tutorial covers the key date functions in MySQL, which are used to manipulate and query date and time data within your SQL queries. These functions are essential for tasks like calculating time intervals, extracting parts of dates, and formatting date outputs.Some common date functions include:NOW(): Returns the current date and time.CURDATE(): Returns the current date (without time).DATE_FORMAT(): Allows you to format dates according to a specified pattern.DATEDIFF(): Calculates the difference in days between two dates.ADDDATE() and SUBDATE(): Adds or subtracts a specific time interval to/from a date.YEAR(), MONTH(), DAY(): Extracts specific parts of a date, such as the year, month, or day.These functions help you to perform date calculations, extract useful time components, and format dates for reports, analytics, and application development.
MySQL Date Functions Part 1
00:00MySQL Date Functions Part 2
00:00MySQL Date Functions Part 3
00:00
MySQL Time Functions Tutorial
This tutorial covers the essential time functions in MySQL, which allow you to manipulate and perform operations on time values within your SQL queries. These functions are useful for tasks like calculating time differences, formatting time, and extracting specific components of time.Some common time functions include:CURTIME(): Returns the current time.TIME_FORMAT(): Formats a time value based on a specified format.TIMEDIFF(): Calculates the difference between two time values.ADDDATE() and SUBDATE(): Adds or subtracts a time interval to/from a time value.HOUR(), MINUTE(), SECOND(): Extracts the hour, minute, or second part from a time value.These functions enable you to work with time data effectively, making it easier to perform time-based calculations, create reports, and format time for user-friendly displays.
MySQL Time Functions Tutorial
00:00MySQL Time Functions Tutorial Part2
00:00
MySQL ALTER Tutorial
This tutorial covers the ALTER statement in MySQL, which is used to modify the structure of an existing table. With ALTER, you can add, modify, or delete columns, change data types, rename tables, or apply constraints. The ALTER statement is crucial for evolving your database schema as requirements change without needing to recreate entire tables.Key actions you can perform with ALTER include:Adding Columns: Introduce new columns to a table.Modifying Columns: Change the data type, size, or properties of existing columns.Dropping Columns: Remove unnecessary columns from a table.Renaming Tables or Columns: Change the name of tables or columns.Adding or Removing Constraints: Alter primary keys, foreign keys, unique constraints, etc.These operations allow you to maintain and update your database structure as your data and application needs evolve.
MySQL ALTER Tutorial
00:00MySQL ALTER Tutorial part 2
00:00
MySQL DROP & TRUNCATE Table Tutorial
This tutorial explains two essential SQL commands—DROP and TRUNCATE—used to remove data and structures from a MySQL database.DROP TABLE: The DROP statement is used to completely remove a table from the database, including its structure and all data. Once a table is dropped, it cannot be recovered unless a backup is available.TRUNCATE TABLE: The TRUNCATE statement is used to delete all rows from a table, but it does not remove the table structure. This is a faster way to clear a table without affecting its definition, and it also typically does not log individual row deletions, which can improve performance.The main difference between DROP and TRUNCATE is that DROP removes the table entirely, while TRUNCATE only clears its content but keeps the structure intact for future use.
MySQL DROP & TRUNCATE Table Tutorial
00:00
MySQL VIEW Tutorial
This tutorial introduces MySQL Views, which are virtual tables created by querying one or more base tables. A VIEW simplifies complex queries by encapsulating them in a reusable structure. Instead of repeatedly writing complex SELECT queries, you can create a view that acts like a table, making data retrieval easier and more efficient.Key concepts covered include:Creating Views: How to define a view based on a SELECT query.Using Views: How to retrieve data from a view just like you would from a regular table.Updating Views: Understanding the limitations and possibilities of modifying data through views (with some views being read-only).Dropping Views: How to remove a view from the database when it is no longer needed.Views help with data abstraction, allow you to simplify complex queries, and can improve security by restricting access to specific columns or rows.
MySQL VIEW Tutorial
00:00MySQL VIEW EDIT Tutorial
00:00MySQL VIEW EDIT Tutorial
00:00SQL Beginner to Advanced
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